Serotype 1
Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (7PCV, Prevenar) commenced in 2001 for Australian Indigenous infants.  Pneumococcal carriage surveillance detected substantial replacement with non-vaccine types and a cluster of serotype 1 carriage.  Serotype 1 is an important serotype in invasive pneumococcal disease, generally associated with outbreaks, and is rarely reported in carriage.  We reviewed serotype 1 carriage and invasive disease data in this population, and analysed serotype 1 isolates.

Serotype 6C
Surveillance studies in remote Indigenous communities prior to and following introduction of routine 7PCV vaccination indicated an apparent poor efficacy against serotype 6A (despite expected cross-protection by the 6B vaccine component).  Following the recent discovery of serotype 6C (previously misidentified as serotype 6A), we screened our 6A isolates in collaboration with the scientists who originally described this new serotype (Moon Nahm and In Ho Park).